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Metallic Make America Great Again Hat

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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Smashing Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential entrada. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Allow's Make America Great Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Neb Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his married woman Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential master campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's use of the phrase "probably the most resonant campaign slogan in contempo history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in reject.[ii] [3]

The slogan became a pop civilisation phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who back up and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding it every bit canis familiaris-whistle politics and coded language.[iv] [5] [6] [7] The slogan was also at the center of 2 events originally reported inaccurately in nigh media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assault hoax and the Jan 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [11]

Apply before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was commencement used past Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th United States Congress in apprehension of the 1940 United states presidential election: "What is the manner? Hither is America. There are 130,000,000 of u.s.a.. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, majuscule, and management; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who can requite them the spirit which will afford vision. That will brand America great once more."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater'due south unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let's make America bully over again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential entrada. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism amidst the electorate.[14] [15] [xvi] [17] Within his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, especially in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a bully national crusade to make America great again."[18] [nineteen]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was too used in speeches[20] past Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential entrada.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton'due south 2008 presidential master campaign.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economic system you had 50 years ago, and... motion you support on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'southward book about her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a United states Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin's Press on August 16, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let'south Practice What It Takes to Make America Not bad Once more.[24]

Use past Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Cracking Again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump fabricated a argument in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the time to come, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America dandy once again."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a volume using as a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #1 Once more" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Brand America Great Once more!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Once again" by stitching information technology onto his widely distributed cap

On January ane, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretarial assistant of State's role to create the "Brand America Great Again Party", which would take allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to go a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential ballot.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day later Barack Obama won his reelection confronting Manus Romney. Past his ain business relationship, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Great", but did not experience like it had the correct "band" to information technology. "Brand America Great" was his side by side slogan idea, but upon farther reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America considering it unsaid that America was never great. Later selecting "Make America Neat Again", Trump immediately had an attorney annals information technology. (Trump subsequently said he was unaware of Reagan'due south apply in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark information technology.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the The states Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to utilise the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service mark on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early on as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Imprint displaying "Vote To Make America Bang-up Again" on a roadside in California presently later on the November 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Keep America Great" chapeau in Dec 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump ofttimes used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the campaign that at one point it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television receiver commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the existent chapeau ten to one. "...just it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that'due south an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Nifty" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] However, Trump'southward 2020 entrada connected to use the "Brand America Keen Over again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great again, over again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech communication, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]

Less than a week later on Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a tertiary party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Great Again Party". In his kickoff few days out of part, he too supported Arizona state political party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who also chosen for the cosmos of a "MAGA Party". In belatedly Jan 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to forestall Republican senators from voting to captive him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the Firm.[39] [xl]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – information technology's Mod Twenty-four hour period PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an article for Bloomberg News, Marking Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a postal service'southward retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[42]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] According to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and three,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]

Donald Trump set up his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the declaration (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and afterwards winning the presidency.[45]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, amid others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear information technology equally racist coded language, but as well to those who have felt a loss of condition equally other groups have become more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America Showtime did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks similar me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[46]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Dandy Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Just if y'all clothing one, information technology's a pretty good indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump'southward racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[6] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan equally "fabulous", writing: "It was vague plenty to entreatment to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about ten percentage of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[50] [ non-primary source needed ] while about thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the recent global movements confronting traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little doubt about US President Donald Trump'due south views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a promise to 'Make America Smashing Again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, wink—to Make America White Again."[52]

Use by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Skillful Fight: Why Liberals – and But Liberals – Tin Win the State of war on Terror and Brand America Great Again [53] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr subsequently the Invasion of Republic of iraq and early on years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special ballot titled Troublemaker: Let'south Do What It Takes To Make America Groovy Again.[54]

After Donald Trump popularized the apply of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send stop-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Once again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 fence.[55] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such equally "Brand America Mexico Over again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico edge.[56] [57]

Apply by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[58] [59] Former Us Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you think America was peachy?"[60] [61] During John McCain'southward memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to be made neat again considering America was ever slap-up."[62] Trump afterwards tweeted "Make AMERICA GREAT Over again!" later that 24-hour interval.[63]

Use by detest groups [edit]

A 2018 report using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks constitute that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were unremarkably used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[64]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of French republic, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The last judgement of the oral communication delivered by him was "brand our planet great again."[65]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in Oct 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Republic of indonesia great again", though he denied having copied Trump.[66]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Political party used the slogan "Make Eu Lagom Again".[67] [68]

February 2019 Fridays for Time to come protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Over again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Move have often used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[69] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary picture show named Brand the Globe Greta Once again.[70]

In popular civilization [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Make America Great Again" catchphrase every bit it appears on a MAGA lid

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Adult film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Brand America Horny Again" strip club bout. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 entrada trail and function of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[71]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Brand America Dunk Again".[72]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Neat Again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Republic of lithuania.[73] [74]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand up-up tour was titled "Making America Slap-up Again".[75]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an association with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed as the Globe Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Brand FishCenter Great Once again" hats.[76] [77] [78]

Manner [edit]

  • Way Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to pattern a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to article of clothing on Scarlet Carpet due east.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[79]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Swell Once more" to Sergeant Nicholas Affections.[eighty]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Brand England Great Once more" fez hat in one scene.[81]
  • The Syfy motion-picture show Sharknado v: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[82]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Yr (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use equally his 2020 campaign slogan); 1 of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with i stating he does so "to keep my country [America] great".[83] The next pic in the franchise, The Commencement Purge, was later advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA lid.[84]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[85]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin'southward Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Corking Again" during his entrada against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "brand Outworld corking once again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Complimentary Once more" in its marketing campaign.[86]
  • In Metal Gear Rise: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Great Again" during his oral communication while battling Raiden.[87]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Dazzler/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[88]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a vocal in 2018 called M.A.T.A, meaning Make America Trap Over again.[89]
  • Make America Rock Again was a rock concert tour.[90]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Automobile, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Once more Tour", using a stage properties reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • UK musician and writer James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 called 'Make ANGER Great Once more'[91]
  • Snoop Dogg released a vocal titled "Make America Crip Again".[92]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Brand America Corking Over again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a unmarried "Brand America Great Once again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[93]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a chapeau saying Make America Skate once more in Chance the Rapper'due south video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Once again (2019), with comprehend art inspired by the Barack Obama "Promise" affiche.[94]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Again.[95]
  • Metal band Thy Art Is Murder released a song chosen "Make America Detest Once again" on their album Human Target (2019). They too sell a chapeau with the slogan "Brand Deathcore Slap-up Again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball game outfielder Bryce Harper wore a chapeau saying "Make Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia Due east. Butler used "Make America Great Again" every bit the presidential entrada slogan for a grapheme, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[96] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and authorities together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[97]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Once more",[98] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Concluding Week This evening with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Once again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[99] [100] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 meg views.[100]
  • In the S Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump'south, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[101]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What'south By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious over again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[102] [103] [104] [105]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May 30, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
  2. ^ Schoen, Douglas (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And then he disrupted American politics". Play a trick on News . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  3. ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (November 18, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Anything In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Melton, Marissa (Baronial 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Corking Again' Racist?". Phonation of America. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (Jan 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and blackface are different forms of expression, simply they share a sure unfortunate DNA". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump's slogan, 'Make America great again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never State of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women vest in the home, and the needs of white men were paramount.
  8. ^ "How The Media Covered Jussie Smollett". NPR.org . Retrieved September fifteen, 2021.
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  33. ^ Smith, Allan (November x, 2016). "'Cracking over again': Donald Trump's .gov website is now live". Business Insider . Retrieved November 12, 2016.
  34. ^ Alex Seitz-Wald (March eleven, 2018). "'Keep America Great': After year in role, Trump unveils 2020 campaign slogan". NBC News.
  35. ^ Kumar, Anita (May twenty, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA ii.0 for a pandemic era". Pol. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
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  37. ^ Hall, Louise (August 25, 2020). "Mike Pence mocked for spin on Trump election slogan". The Independent . Retrieved Dec 31, 2021. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  38. ^ Bremner, Jade (October 5, 2021). "Trump ridiculed for name of new PAC: Make America Keen Again, Again". The Independent . Retrieved Jan 1, 2022. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  44. ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  45. ^ Trackalytics. "Donald J. Trump Twitter Followers Statistics". Trackalytics . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  46. ^ Illing, Sean (October 22, 2018). "How "America Beginning" ruined the "American dream"". Vox . Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  47. ^ Shamus, Kristen Jordan. "Readers speak out on the divide over MAGA hats". Detroit Gratis Press . Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  48. ^ "Readers React: Media disdain for MAGA lid-wearing Trump supporters has to end". Los Angeles Times. January 24, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  49. ^ Goldberg, Nicholas (May 14, 2020). "Column: Trump has come with the worst entrada slogan ever". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  50. ^ http://maristpoll.marist.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NPR_PBS-NewsHour_Marist-Poll_USA-NOS-and-Tables_202009171415.pdf[ bare URL PDF ]
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  59. ^ Goldmacher, Shane (August 15, 2018). "Cuomo Says America 'Was Never That Great' in Jab at Trump Slogan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April xxx, 2019.
  60. ^ "Holder to Trump: 'Exactly when did you think America was peachy?'". MSNBC. March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019. Holder also discusses the Trump slogan of 'Make America Bully Again', posing the question: 'when did you think America was great?'
  61. ^ Norman, Greg (March 28, 2019). "Eric Holder goes on MAGA attack: 'Exactly when did you recall America was great?'". Fox News . Retrieved Apr 30, 2019.
  62. ^ Kane, Paul; Pogrund, Gabriel; Itkowitz, Colby (September one, 2018). "'America was ever great': Meghan McCain rebukes Trump". The Washington Post . Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  63. ^ Donald Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (September 2, 2018). "Brand AMERICA Nifty Once more!" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2018 – via Twitter.
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  65. ^ "Macron: 'Make our planet great again'". BBC News . Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  66. ^ Massola, James (October xx, 2018). "Prabowo wants to 'make Republic of indonesia great once again'". The Sydney Morning Herald . Retrieved Oct xx, 2018.
  67. ^ "KD: Gör EU lagom igen" (in Swedish). Aftonbladet. May 3, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

feuersteinfarands.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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